Natural Environment

The land within Kaipara District forms the foundation of our natural environment, underpinning ecosystems, supporting biodiversity, and providing resources that sustain our communities and economy. The relationship with the land is central to the identity and wellbeing of the Kaipara community, and respecting this connection is integral to our approach to land management.

Kaipara's land is diverse and dynamic, covering a wide range of topographies from fertile plains to rugged hills, all of which contribute to the distinct character of our district. It supports a variety of uses, from agriculture and forestry to residential and commercial development. However, the land is not just a resource to be used, but a vital part of our natural environment that needs to be managed sustainably to protect its value for future generations.

Our approach to land management seeks to balance the need for development and use with the need to protect and enhance the natural environment. We aim to ensure that land use is sustainable, minimising harm to the environment and aligning with the aspirations of the community. This involves taking into account the diverse interests, values and rights associated with the land, and making decisions that reflect the principles of stewardship and sustainability.

In creating this plan, we acknowledge the principles of Te Ao Māori and the special relationship that Tangata Whenua have with the land. We recognise the importance of protecting and enhancing the mauri (life force) of the land, and the role of kaitiakitanga (guardianship) in managing our natural resources.

This section of the plan sets out our objectives, policies, and methods for managing the land within the Kaipara District. It is informed by a range of national, regional, and local documents, and reflects the unique context of our district. It aims to provide clear guidance on land management practices that support sustainable development, protect natural values, and uphold the cultural significance of the land.

As we continue to develop this plan, we invite the community to join us in shaping the future of land management in the Kaipara District, ensuring that our approach is responsive, inclusive, and aligned with the needs and aspirations of all who have a stake in our land.

District Level:

Objective 1. To manage and conserve the quality and diversity of Kaipara's natural land resources across all catchment areas.

Objective 2. To promote sustainable land practices that maintain and enhance the ecological health of Kaipara's watersheds.

Objective 3: To mitigate the impacts of land degradation and erosion across the district, especially in vulnerable catchment areas.

Objective 4: To ensure the land use across the district aligns with the capacity and sensitivity of the land and water bodies.

Zone Level:

Objective 1: To foster sustainable land use practices in agricultural zones that conserve soil health and prevent nutrient runoff.

Objective 2: To ensure land use in urban areas promotes compact, well-designed development that minimizes environmental impacts and preserves green spaces.

Objective 3: To protect and manage natural and cultural heritage sites within the district from adverse effects of land-use activities.

Objective 4: To ensure industrial zones incorporate best practices for waste management and pollution control.

Area Level:

Objective 1: To protect and enhance areas of significant ecological value, such as wetlands, forests, and biodiversity hotspots.

Objective 2: To mitigate the risk of natural hazards in vulnerable areas, such as floodplains and areas prone to landslides.

Objective 3: To preserve and manage access to public lands, including parks, reserves, and other recreational areas.

Objective 4: To maintain the integrity and cultural value of sites of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga.

District Level

Policy 1: Encourage sustainable land use practices that minimize soil degradation and maintain soil health.

Policy 2: Support and promote land development that is in harmony with natural landscapes, and avoids or mitigates negative impacts on significant landscapes.

Zone Level

Policy 3: In rural zones, prioritize land uses that promote soil conservation and sustainable agricultural practices.

Policy 4: In urban zones, advocate for land development that reduces impervious surfaces and incorporates green infrastructure to manage stormwater and reduce erosion.

Area Level:

Policy 5: For areas with high erosion risk, implement stringent soil conservation measures and restrict certain types of land use that could exacerbate erosion.

Policy 6: For areas identified as significant landscapes, strictly control land development to preserve these areas' natural and cultural values.

Objective 1: Encourage sustainable land use practices that minimize soil degradation and maintain soil health.

- Rule 1: Regulate land disturbance activities to prevent soil erosion and minimize sediment runoff.

- Rule 2: Require soil conservation measures, such as contour plowing, terracing, or the use of erosion control methods, in areas prone to erosion.

- Rule 3: Promote sustainable farming practices, including the use of cover crops, crop rotation, and reduced tillage, to enhance soil health and fertility.

- Rule 4: Implement measures to prevent soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, or other potentially harmful substances.

- Rule 5: Require soil testing and monitoring to assess soil health and nutrient levels and promote appropriate land management practices.

Objective 2: Protect and enhance natural habitats and ecosystems.

- Rule 1: Regulate land development and activities that may have a significant adverse impact on natural habitats or ecosystems.

- Rule 2: Require the protection and restoration of riparian areas and wetlands to support biodiversity and maintain water quality.

- Rule 3: Implement measures to control the spread of invasive species and promote the restoration of native vegetation.

- Rule 4: Promote the preservation of significant habitats, such as indigenous forests or unique ecological areas, through appropriate land use planning and protection mechanisms.

Objective 3: Manage the use of land in a manner that avoids or mitigates adverse effects on water resources.

- Rule 1: Regulate land use activities to prevent contamination of water resources through measures such as setback requirements or buffer zones.

- Rule 2: Implement water management plans and practices, including the control of water abstraction, irrigation, or drainage, to protect water quantity and quality.

- Rule 3: Promote the use of sustainable stormwater management practices, such as rainwater harvesting or permeable paving, to minimize runoff and mitigate the impact on waterways.

Objective 4: Support sustainable land development and urban design principles.

- Rule 1: Promote compact and mixed-use development to minimize urban sprawl and preserve rural areas.

- Rule 2: Encourage the incorporation of green infrastructure, such as parks, green spaces, and urban forests, in development projects.

- Rule 3: Require sustainable design and construction practices, including energy-efficient buildings, waste management plans, and sustainable transportation options.

Objective 5: Protect significant cultural and heritage landscapes.

- Rule 1: Regulate land use activities to protect and preserve cultural and heritage landscapes of importance to local communities or recognized cultural values.

- Rule 2: Encourage the integration of cultural and heritage considerations into land use planning and development processes.

- Rule 3: Require the preparation of cultural impact assessments for proposed developments in areas of cultural significance.

Rule 1: Regulation of Land Use Activities to Prevent Contamination of Water Resources

URBAN CONTEXT

1. Permitted Activity: Residential and commercial activities must maintain a minimum setback of 20 meters from any water body.

2. Controlled Activity: Industrial activities must maintain a minimum setback of 50 meters from any water body and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

3. Discretionary Activity: Any activity not meeting the above setback requirements will require a resource consent and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

RURAL CONTEXT

1. Permitted Activity: Agricultural activities must maintain a minimum setback of 30 meters from any water body.

2. Controlled Activity: Large-scale agricultural activities (covering more than 4000m2) must maintain a minimum setback of 50 meters from any water body and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

3. Discretionary Activity: Any activity not meeting the above setback requirements will require a resource consent and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

COASTAL CONTEXT

1. Permitted Activity: Residential and commercial activities must maintain a minimum setback of 50 meters from the high-tide line.

2. Controlled Activity: Industrial activities must maintain a minimum setback of 100 meters from the high-tide line and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

3. Discretionary Activity: Any activity not meeting the above setback requirements will require a resource consent and must submit a water quality impact assessment.

BUFFER ZONES

1. Permitted Activity: Buffer zones of native vegetation must be maintained within the setback areas for all permitted and controlled activities.

2. Controlled Activity: Any alteration to the buffer zones must be approved and may require a resource consent.

Maps showing areas of significant landscapes, areas prone to erosion, areas suitable for certain types of land use, etc.

A section describing how the implementation of the policies will be monitored and evaluated. This could involve indicators of soil health, extent of land development, compliance with land use controls, etc.

Water is the lifeblood of the Kaipara District, a vital element that nurtures our natural environment, sustains our communities, and drives our economy. From the majestic Kaipara Harbour to the myriad of streams and rivers that crisscross our landscapes, water is at the heart of our district's identity and prosperity.

The waters of Kaipara are as varied as they are essential. They serve numerous purposes, from providing habitats for diverse species of flora and fauna, to supporting recreation, and supplying our communities and industries with a critical resource. Each water body within our district has its unique characteristics and values, contributing to the rich tapestry of our natural environment.

Our approach to water management is grounded in a commitment to sustainable use and preservation. Acknowledging the integral role that water plays in the ecological, cultural, social, and economic fabric of the district, we strive to ensure that our waters are managed in a manner that respects their many values and maintains their health and vitality for generations to come.

In line with the principles of Te Ao Māori, we recognise the deep connections that Tangata Whenua have with water. The concepts of mauri (life force) and kaitiakitanga (guardianship) guide our approach to water management, reminding us of our responsibilities to protect and enhance the wellbeing of our water bodies.

This section of the plan outlines our objectives, policies, and methods for managing the water within the Kaipara District. It has been informed by a range of national, regional, and local documents, and it mirrors the unique context of our district. Our aim is to provide clear and comprehensive guidance on water management practices that foster sustainable use, protect and enhance natural values, and uphold the cultural significance of water.

As we continue to develop this plan, we invite the community to engage with us in shaping the future of water management in the Kaipara District. We believe that an inclusive, participatory approach to planning is key to ensuring that our water management strategies are responsive, balanced, and reflective of the aspirations of all who depend on and care for our waters.

District Level

Objective 1: To ensure the sustainable management and protection of water resources in the district.

Zone Level

Objective 2: To promote water efficiency and conservation practices in agricultural, residential, and industrial zones.

Objective 3: To manage and protect the district's wetlands and riparian areas from adverse effects of land-use activities.

Area Level

Objective 4: To protect and enhance the quality of the district's freshwater bodies, including rivers, lakes, and aquifers.

Objective 5: To mitigate the risk of flood hazards in areas susceptible to flooding.

District Level

Policy 1: Develop and implement a comprehensive water management plan that includes measures for sustainable extraction, use, and replenishment of water resources in the district.

Zone Level

Policy 2: Encourage water efficiency and conservation in agricultural, residential, and industrial zones through education, incentives, and regulations.

Policy 3: Implement strict land-use regulations in areas with wetlands and riparian zones to minimize adverse effects from human activities.

Area Level

Policy 4: Monitor and regulate activities that may impact the quality of freshwater bodies, including rivers, lakes, and aquifers, to ensure they meet or exceed established water quality standards.

Policy 5: Develop and implement a flood risk management plan for areas susceptible to flooding, which includes measures for flood prevention, early warning systems, and post-flood recovery.

1. District Level:

- Rule 1: Establish water allocation limits and permits to ensure sustainable extraction and use of water resources.

- Rule 2: Implement water conservation measures for all water users, including agriculture, residential, and industrial sectors.

2. Zone Level:

- Rule 3: Require water-efficient practices and technologies in agricultural, residential, and industrial zones.

- Rule 4: Establish buffer zones and setback requirements to protect wetlands and riparian areas from land-use activities.

3. Area Level:

- Rule 5: Set water quality standards and monitoring requirements for freshwater bodies to ensure compliance with established standards.

- Rule 6: Develop and enforce regulations for floodplain management in areas prone to flooding, including land use restrictions and infrastructure requirements.

Maps showing important water bodies, flood-prone areas, areas of high water quality, etc.

A section describing how the implementation of the policies will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of water quality, water use, compliance with rules, etc.

The air we breathe is essential to our health and well-being, and it plays a critical role in the health of our environment. Protecting the quality of our air is of utmost importance. Air pollution, whether it comes from industrial processes, transport, agriculture, or burning of fuels, can have serious impacts on our health and the environment. It can also contribute to climate change, which is a major global concern.

In the Kaipara District, while we enjoy generally good air quality, we must not be complacent. We need to ensure that our activities do not degrade this precious resource. This involves managing and regulating activities that have the potential to release harmful pollutants into the air.

The Resource Management Act (RMA) gives us the responsibility to manage air quality. We need to ensure that our District Plan has policies and rules that protect the quality of our air, prevent harmful emissions, and promote sustainable practices.

In this section, we will discuss the key issues related to air quality in our District, the legislative framework guiding our approach, and how these issues can be addressed through our District Plan.

District Level

Objectives 1. To manage and improve air quality across all catchment areas in Kaipara, especially in areas with identified air pollution issues.

Objectives 2. To minimize air pollution from industrial activities and transport across the district.

Objectives 3. To promote practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with national and international commitments.

Objectives 4. To protect sensitive receptors, including residential areas, schools, and hospitals, from exposure to harmful air pollutants.

Zone Level

Objectives 1. To ensure industrial zones implement best practices for air pollution control and emissions reduction.

Objectives 2. To encourage sustainable transport practices in urban areas that reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality.

Objectives 3. To promote the use of clean energy sources in residential, commercial, and industrial zones to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

4. To manage and control the open burning of waste in rural and urban areas to minimize air pollution.

Area Level

Objectives 1. To protect and enhance air quality in areas of natural beauty or recreational value, such as parks and reserves.

Objectives 2. To manage air quality in areas with high traffic volumes or industrial activity to reduce exposure to air pollutants.

Objectives 3. To ensure the protection of air quality in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga.

District Level

Policy D1: Implement comprehensive air quality monitoring across all catchment areas, with a focus on areas identified with air pollution issues, to inform effective management and improvement strategies.

Policy D2: Enforce stringent emission standards for industrial activities and transport, employing best practices and technologies to minimize air pollution across the district.

Policy D3: Advocate for and support practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in line with national and international commitments, including renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon sequestration initiatives.

Policy D4: Develop and implement land use planning strategies that prioritize the protection of sensitive receptors, including residential areas, schools, and hospitals, from exposure to harmful air pollutants.

Zone Level

Policy Z1: Require industries within industrial zones to adopt and maintain best practices for air pollution control and emissions reduction, including regular monitoring and reporting of air emissions.

Policy Z2: Encourage sustainable transport practices in urban zones such as the promotion of public transport, cycling, walking, and electric vehicle infrastructure, to reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality.

Policy Z3: Promote the use of clean energy sources within all zoning categories, offering incentives for the installation and use of renewable energy systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Policy Z4: Strictly regulate open burning of waste in all zones, implementing waste management strategies that minimize air pollution and encourage recycling and composting.

Area Level

Policy A1: Enforce strict air quality standards in areas of natural beauty or recreational value to maintain their ecological and aesthetic integrity.

Policy A2: Implement air quality management plans in areas with high traffic volumes or industrial activity to reduce exposure to air pollutants and ensure the health and well-being of local communities.

Policy A3: Recognize and respect Māori values and rights in air quality management, ensuring the protection of air quality in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga.

District Level Regulations:

1. Air Quality Monitoring and Reporting: Establish requirements for comprehensive air quality monitoring across all catchment areas, with a focus on areas identified with air pollution issues. This would involve monitoring and reporting of air quality data to inform effective management and improvement strategies.

2. Emission Standards for Industrial Activities and Transport: Enforce stringent emission standards for industrial activities and transport to minimize air pollution. This would involve setting specific emission limits, employing best practices and technologies to control and reduce air emissions from industrial sources and vehicles.

3. Promotion of Practices to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Advocate for and support practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with national and international commitments. This would involve promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon sequestration initiatives to achieve emission reduction targets.

4. Land Use Planning for Air Quality Protection: Develop and implement land use planning strategies to prioritize the protection of sensitive receptors, such as residential areas, schools, and hospitals, from exposure to harmful air pollutants. This would involve incorporating air quality considerations into land use decisions and ensuring appropriate setback distances and buffer zones.

Zone Level Regulations:

1. Best Practices for Air Pollution Control in Industrial Zones: Require industries within industrial zones to adopt and maintain best practices for air pollution control and emissions reduction. This would involve setting specific requirements for monitoring, reporting, and controlling air emissions from industrial activities.

2. Promotion of Sustainable Transport Practices in Urban Zones: Encourage sustainable transport practices in urban zones by promoting public transport, cycling, walking, and electric vehicle infrastructure. This would involve implementing measures to reduce vehicle emissions and improve air quality in urban areas.

3. Promotion of Clean Energy Sources in All Zoning Categories: Promote the use of clean energy sources within all zoning categories by offering incentives for the installation and use of renewable energy systems. This would involve providing support and incentives for the adoption of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

4. Regulation of Open Burning of Waste: Strictly regulate the open burning of waste in all zones and implement waste management strategies that minimize air pollution. This would involve establishing rules and guidelines for waste management practices, promoting recycling and composting, and controlling open burning activities.

Area Level Regulations:

1. Air Quality Standards for Areas of Natural Beauty or Recreational Value: Enforce strict air quality standards in areas of natural beauty or recreational value to maintain their ecological and aesthetic integrity. This would involve setting specific air quality standards for these areas and implementing measures to ensure compliance.

2. Air Quality Management in Areas with High Traffic Volumes or Industrial Activity: Implement air quality management plans in areas with high traffic volumes or industrial activity to reduce exposure to air pollutants and protect the health and well-being of local communities. This would involve developing specific plans and strategies to monitor and control air pollution in these areas.

3. Protection of Air Quality in Areas of Significance to Māori: Recognize and respect Māori values and rights in air quality management, ensuring the protection of air quality in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga. This would involve incorporating cultural considerations into air quality management strategies and implementing measures to preserve air quality in these areas.

Maps showing areas with air quality issues, locations of major emission sources, etc.

A section describing how the implementation of the policies will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of air quality, emission levels, compliance with rules, etc.

Biodiversity, the variety of life on earth, is a fundamental aspect of our natural environment. It encompasses all living organisms, their genetic diversity, and the complex ecosystems they form. In the Kaipara District, we are fortunate to be home to a unique and special range of plants and animals, many of which are classified as ‘Threatened’ and ‘At Risk’. Our district contains significant areas of indigenous forest, shrubland, wetlands, dune lakes, and dunelands, all of which hold high ecological value and support this distinct array of flora and fauna.

However, our biodiversity is under threat. Human activities such as uncontrolled stock grazing, inappropriate vehicle use, runoff from roads, storage areas, and industrial processes can lead to contamination and changes to flow regimes that adversely affect our natural areas. Habitat loss is another pressing concern, with less than 16% of our district's unique ecosystems remaining.

Invasive species are an additional threat to our biodiversity. An example of this is the spread of Manchurian rice grass, an invasive species that hinders the growth of other plants. Northland flooding is believed to have facilitated its proliferation, with the main infestation located in a Progressive Containment Zone in our district, along the banks of the Wairoa River and its tributaries, and on adjacent farmland.

Climate change poses a major threat to our biodiversity. As our climate alters, natural hazards are projected to increase in severity and intensity, which can have detrimental impacts on our district's flora and fauna.

Our duty is to protect and sustain this biodiversity through the Resource Management Act (RMA). It's critical that our District Plan has policies and rules that safeguard our biodiversity, mitigate threats, and promote sustainable practices. In this section, we will delve into the key issues related to biodiversity in our District, the legislative framework guiding our approach, and the potential solutions that can be incorporated into our District Plan.

District Level

Objective 1. To protect, maintain and enhance the district's indigenous biodiversity, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems.

Objective 2. To prevent and control the spread of invasive species that threaten indigenous biodiversity.

Objective 3. To ensure development and land use activities do not adversely affect significant habitats of indigenous flora and fauna.

Objective 4. To encourage community involvement and stewardship in biodiversity conservation efforts.

Zone Level

Objective 1. To incorporate biodiversity considerations into land use planning and decision-making in all zones.

Objective 2. To ensure activities in industrial and commercial zones do not adversely affect nearby significant habitats.

Objective 3. To promote biodiversity-friendly practices in agricultural and rural zones, such as habitat restoration and sustainable farming practices.

Objective 4. To encourage urban biodiversity through initiatives like urban green spaces, community gardens, and tree planting.

Area Level

Objective 1. To protect and enhance areas of significant indigenous biodiversity, such as reserves, wetlands, and areas of mature native forest.

Objective 2. To manage and restore habitats in areas affected by land degradation or habitat loss.

Objective 3. To respect and protect biodiversity in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga.

District Level

Policy 1.1 Develop and implement a Biodiversity Strategy for the Kaipara District, setting out the actions required to protect, maintain, and enhance indigenous biodiversity across all ecosystems.

Policy 1.2 Implement an Invasive Species Management Plan to prevent, control and eradicate invasive species that threaten indigenous biodiversity.

Policy 1.3 Review land use planning and development proposals to ensure they do not adversely affect significant habitats of indigenous flora and fauna, applying avoidance, remediation, or mitigation measures as necessary.

Policy Encourage community involvement in biodiversity conservation through educational programs, stewardship schemes, and partnerships with local environmental groups.

Zone Level

Policy 2.1 Incorporate biodiversity assessments into land use planning and decision-making processes across all zones to identify and mitigate potential impacts on biodiversity.

Policy 2.2 Require industrial and commercial zones to conduct environmental impact assessments to ensure their activities do not adversely affect nearby significant habitats, and implement mitigation measures where necessary.

Policy 2.3 Promote sustainable farming practices in agricultural and rural zones, including habitat restoration, retention of native vegetation, and control of pest species.

Policy 2.4 Foster urban biodiversity through the development of urban green spaces, community gardens, and tree planting programs, and encourage the use of native species in landscaping.

Area Level

Policy 3.1 Identify, map, and protect areas of significant indigenous biodiversity, such as reserves, wetlands, and areas of mature native forest, through mechanisms such as protective zoning or covenants.

Policy 3.2 Develop and implement habitat management and restoration plans for areas affected by land degradation or habitat loss, prioritising areas with high biodiversity value or potential.

Policy 3.3 Work in partnership with Māori to identify, respect, and protect biodiversity in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga, in accordance with tikanga Māori and the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.

District Level Regulations:

1. Biodiversity Strategy: Develop and implement a Biodiversity Strategy for the Kaipara District that outlines actions required to protect, maintain, and enhance indigenous biodiversity across all ecosystems. This would involve setting targets, identifying priority areas, and implementing conservation measures to achieve biodiversity goals.

2. Invasive Species Management Plan: Implement an Invasive Species Management Plan to prevent, control, and eradicate invasive species that threaten indigenous biodiversity. This would involve identifying priority invasive species, implementing monitoring and control programs, and coordinating efforts with relevant stakeholders.

3. Assessment of Development Proposals: Review land use planning and development proposals to ensure they do not adversely affect significant habitats of indigenous flora and fauna. Apply avoidance, remediation, or mitigation measures as necessary to minimize impacts on biodiversity.

4. Community Involvement in Biodiversity Conservation: Encourage community involvement in biodiversity conservation through educational programs, stewardship schemes, and partnerships with local environmental groups. This would involve promoting public awareness, providing resources and support for community-led initiatives, and fostering collaboration between communities and authorities.

Zone Level Regulations:

1. Incorporation of Biodiversity Assessments: Incorporate biodiversity assessments into land use planning and decision-making processes across all zones to identify and mitigate potential impacts on biodiversity. This would involve integrating biodiversity considerations into resource consent processes and requiring biodiversity assessments for development proposals.

2. Environmental Impact Assessments for Industrial and Commercial Zones: Require industrial and commercial zones to conduct environmental impact assessments to ensure their activities do not adversely affect nearby significant habitats. Implement mitigation measures where necessary to minimize impacts on biodiversity.

3. Promotion of Sustainable Farming Practices in Agricultural and Rural Zones: Promote sustainable farming practices in agricultural and rural zones, including habitat restoration, retention of native vegetation, and control of pest species. This would involve providing guidelines, incentives, and support for farmers to adopt biodiversity-friendly practices.

4. Urban Biodiversity Initiatives in Urban Zones: Foster urban biodiversity through the development of urban green spaces, community gardens, and tree planting programs. Encourage the use of native species in landscaping to enhance urban biodiversity and create habitats for native flora and fauna.

Area Level Regulations:

1. Protection of Areas of Significant Biodiversity: Identify, map, and protect areas of significant indigenous biodiversity, such as reserves, wetlands, and areas of mature native forest. This would involve implementing mechanisms such as protective zoning or covenants to safeguard these areas from adverse impacts.

2. Habitat Management and Restoration Plans: Develop and implement habitat management and restoration plans for areas affected by land degradation or habitat loss, prioritizing areas with high biodiversity value or potential. This would involve identifying restoration priorities, setting objectives, and implementing actions to restore and enhance habitats.

3. Partnership with Māori for Biodiversity Protection: Work in partnership with Māori to identify, respect, and protect biodiversity in areas of significance to Māori, such as wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga, in accordance with tikanga Māori and the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. This would involve engaging with iwi and hapū, incorporating traditional knowledge and values, and developing collaborative management approaches.

This section could include maps showing areas of significant biodiversity, habitats of threatened species, restoration areas, etc.

This section should outline how the implementation of the biodiversity policies will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of biodiversity (e.g., species richness, habitat extent and quality), as well as monitoring of policy implementation and outcomes.

The coastal environment holds a special place in the heart of the Kaipara District. Our district is adorned with breathtaking coastal landscapes that encompass the expansive Kaipara Harbour, the serene Mangawhai Harbour, and the stunning stretch of Ripiro Beach coastline. These coastal areas are not just aesthetically pleasing; they are integral to our community's cultural fabric, serving as venues for recreation, source of livelihood, and the backdrop to our scenic landscapes.

However, the coastal environment in our district is not without its challenges. Foremost among them is coastal erosion. The Kaipara District is graced with a vast coastline, certain sections of which are vulnerable to the destructive effects of erosion and other natural hazards. Our East and West Coasts are particularly susceptible, where the relentless wave action during storms poses a significant threat. As sea levels continue to rise, and coastal storms increase in severity due to climate change, the intensity of coastal erosion is projected to amplify, posing a more serious threat to our coasts.

In addition to erosion, pollution is another challenge to our coastal environment. While there isn't specific data detailing the extent of pollution in the Kaipara District's coastal regions, the global phenomenon of pollution, especially in coastal zones, cannot be overlooked. Such pollution can have deleterious effects on the environment and human health. We must be proactive in mitigating its potential impact on our precious coastal regions.

As we move forward, it is our responsibility to protect and manage these coastal environments, ensuring that their natural beauty, cultural significance, and recreational value can continue to be enjoyed by future generations. Through sustainable management and a committed stewardship of our coastal resources, we can rise to meet these challenges, ensuring a healthier and more sustainable future for the Kaipara District.

District Level

Objective 1. To protect and enhance the natural character, landscape, and biodiversity of the coastal environment.

Objective 2. To manage activities in the coastal environment to prevent adverse effects on water quality, ecosystems, and cultural and heritage sites.

Objective 3. To ensure public access to and along the coastal marine area is maintained and enhanced, where appropriate.

Objective 4. To recognize and provide for the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of the coastal environment to Māori.

Zone Level

Objective 1. To manage land use and development in coastal zones to avoid, remedy, or mitigate adverse effects on the natural character and cultural values of the coastal environment.

Objective 2. To ensure that coastal hazard risks are taken into account in all planning and development in coastal zones.

Objective 3. To promote sustainable use of coastal resources in commercial and recreational zones, such as fisheries and recreational areas.

Area Level

Objective 1. To protect and restore areas of high natural character or significant ecological value in the coastal environment.

Objective 2. To manage human activities and development in areas of the coastal environment with significant cultural or heritage value.

Objective 3. To enhance public amenities and recreational opportunities in suitable areas of the coastal environment.

District Level

Policy 1.1: Implement measures that preserve and enhance the natural character, landscape, and biodiversity of the coastal environment, prioritizing conservation and rehabilitation where necessary.

Policy 1.2: Regulate and monitor activities in the coastal environment to prevent and mitigate adverse effects on water quality, ecosystems, and cultural and heritage sites.

Policy 1.3: Maintain and enhance public access to and along the coastal marine area where it is appropriate and does not adversely impact the coastal environment or cultural and heritage sites.

Policy 1.4: Acknowledge and protect the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of the coastal environment to Māori through consultation and partnerships.

Zone Level

Policy 2.1: Ensure that any land use and development in coastal zones is carried out in a manner that avoids, remedies, or mitigates adverse effects on the natural character and cultural values of the coastal environment.

Policy 2.2: Incorporate coastal hazard risk assessments into all planning and development in coastal zones and require that appropriate measures are taken to manage these risks.

Policy 2.3: Encourage and enforce sustainable practices in the use of coastal resources in commercial and recreational zones.

Area Level

Policy 3.1: Identify and prioritize the protection and restoration of areas of high natural character or significant ecological value in the coastal environment.

Policy 3.2: Manage human activities and development in areas of the coastal environment with significant cultural or heritage value to prevent degradation and loss of these sites.

Policy 3.3: Enhance public amenities and recreational opportunities in suitable areas of the coastal environment without compromising the integrity of the coastal ecosystems or cultural and heritage sites.

District Level Regulations:

1. Measures for Preservation and Enhancement: Implement measures that preserve and enhance the natural character, landscape, and biodiversity of the coastal environment. This would involve establishing regulations and guidelines to prioritize conservation and rehabilitation efforts where necessary.

2. Regulation and Monitoring of Activities: Regulate and monitor activities in the coastal environment to prevent and mitigate adverse effects on water quality, ecosystems, and cultural and heritage sites. This would involve setting standards, permits, and monitoring requirements for activities such as coastal development, water use, and waste disposal.

3. Maintenance and Enhancement of Public Access: Maintain and enhance public access to and along the coastal marine area where it is appropriate and does not adversely impact the coastal environment or cultural and heritage sites. This would involve establishing public access rights, pathways, and amenities while considering environmental and cultural sensitivities.

4. Protection of Cultural Significance: Acknowledge and protect the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of the coastal environment to Māori through consultation and partnerships. This would involve engaging with iwi and hapū, incorporating cultural values and practices, and developing collaborative management approaches.

Zone Level Regulations:

1. Land Use and Development Management: Ensure that any land use and development in coastal zones is carried out in a manner that avoids, remedies, or mitigates adverse effects on the natural character and cultural values of the coastal environment. This would involve setting rules and requirements for land use activities, development standards, and environmental assessments.

2. Coastal Hazard Risk Management: Incorporate coastal hazard risk assessments into all planning and development in coastal zones and require that appropriate measures are taken to manage these risks. This would involve assessing and addressing risks related to coastal erosion, flooding, sea-level rise, and other hazards in land use planning and decision-making.

3. Promotion of Sustainable Practices: Encourage and enforce sustainable practices in the use of coastal resources in commercial and recreational zones. This would involve promoting responsible fishing, tourism, recreation, and other coastal activities through regulations, guidelines, and education.

Area Level Regulations:

1. Protection and Restoration of High-Value Areas: Identify and prioritize the protection and restoration of areas of high natural character or significant ecological value in the coastal environment. This would involve designating protected areas, implementing restoration projects, and managing activities within these areas to maintain their ecological integrity.

2. Management of Cultural and Heritage Areas: Manage human activities and development in areas of the coastal environment with significant cultural or heritage value to prevent degradation and loss of these sites. This would involve setting rules and guidelines for activities, consultation with Māori, and protection of culturally significant sites.

3. Enhancement of Public Amenities and Recreation: Enhance public amenities and recreational opportunities in suitable areas of the coastal environment without compromising the integrity of the coastal ecosystems or cultural and heritage sites. This would involve developing infrastructure, facilities, and activities that provide recreational access while preserving the natural and cultural values of the coastal environment.

This could include maps showing areas of the coastal environment, significant habitats, coastal hazard zones, areas of particular cultural or historical significance, etc.

This section should outline how the success of the policies in achieving the objectives will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of coastal health, monitoring of policy implementation and outcomes, etc.

Outstanding Natural Features and Landscapes in the Kaipara District are as diverse as they are awe-inspiring, shaping the very identity and character of our district. They encompass a wide variety of landscapes, including the dynamic interplay of exposed coasts and sheltered estuaries, the serene beauty of our rivers, the mystic allure of steep bush-clad hills, the tranquil charm of riverside flats, and the sprawling expanse of rolling farmland. These landscapes are not just aesthetically pleasing; they are imbued with significant value and importance that resonates deeply with our community.

The Resource Management Act 1991 recognizes the national importance of these Outstanding Natural Features (ONFs), mandating their protection from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development. In our district, the protection of these landscapes is not merely a legislative requirement but a commitment to safeguarding our natural heritage for future generations. This commitment is guided, in part, by the Regional Policy Statement for Northland, which includes maps delineating ONFs across the region. The data from these maps will play a critical role in informing the new District Plan, ensuring that the distinct qualities and characteristics of our ONFs are adequately protected.

However, the task of protecting these ONFs is not without its challenges. Our current Operative District Plan does not provide specific criteria, maps, policies, or rules for the protection of ONFs. This omission has led to inconsistent identification and protection of these features, particularly when an ONF straddles the boundaries of neighboring councils. In our efforts to review and update the District Plan, we are committed to addressing these challenges, ensuring a comprehensive and consistent approach to the protection of our district's outstanding natural features and landscapes.

District Level

Objective 1. To identify, protect, and enhance outstanding natural features and landscapes in the district.

Objective 2. To ensure activities and developments do not have significant adverse effects on the values of these natural features and landscapes.

Objective 3. To promote public awareness and appreciation of these features and landscapes.

Zone Level

Objective 1. To manage land use and development in zones containing outstanding natural features and landscapes to maintain and enhance their values.

Objective 2. To facilitate public access and recreational opportunities in these zones, where appropriate, without compromising their natural values.

Objective 3. To ensure the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on these features and landscapes are taken into account in planning and development.

Area Level

Objective 1. To protect and restore specific outstanding natural features and landscapes from inappropriate development and land use.

Objective 2. To encourage community stewardship and involvement in the management of these features and landscapes.

Objective 3. To incorporate the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these features and landscapes into their management.

District Level

Policy 1. Identify and map all outstanding natural features and landscapes within the district, taking into account their ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and geological values.

Policy 2. Ensure that all developments, activities, and land use changes within or adjacent to identified outstanding natural features and landscapes are subject to rigorous assessment processes to prevent significant adverse effects on their values.

Policy 3. Implement educational and informational programs to raise public awareness and appreciation of the district's outstanding natural features and landscapes, and to promote their protection and enhancement.

Zone Level

Policy 1. Ensure that any land use or development proposals within zones containing outstanding natural features and landscapes are compatible with the preservation and enhancement of these features and landscapes.

Policy 2. Facilitate appropriate public access and recreational opportunities within these zones, ensuring that these activities do not compromise the natural values of the features and landscapes.

Policy 3. Incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience measures in the management of zones with outstanding natural features and landscapes, taking into account the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards.

Area Level

Policy 1. Implement strict development controls and land use regulations in specific areas with outstanding natural features and landscapes to protect and restore these areas from inappropriate development and land use.

Policy 2. Promote community stewardship and involvement in the management of these features and landscapes through initiatives such as community conservation programs and local management committees.

Policy 3. Recognize and incorporate the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these features and landscapes in their management and conservation plans.

District Level Regulations:

1. Identification and Mapping: Implement a process to identify and map all outstanding natural features and landscapes within the district, considering their ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and geological values. This would involve creating a register or inventory of these features and landscapes.

2. Rigorous Assessment Processes: Ensure that all developments, activities, and land use changes within or adjacent to identified outstanding natural features and landscapes undergo rigorous assessment processes. This would involve establishing rules, guidelines, and assessment criteria to prevent significant adverse effects on the values of these features and landscapes.

3. Educational and Informational Programs: Implement educational and informational programs to raise public awareness and appreciation of the district's outstanding natural features and landscapes. This would involve public outreach, signage, interpretive materials, and partnerships with community groups and educational institutions.

Zone Level Regulations:

1. Compatibility of Land Use and Development: Ensure that any land use or development proposals within zones containing outstanding natural features and landscapes are compatible with the preservation and enhancement of these features and landscapes. This would involve establishing rules, standards, and design guidelines to guide development and land use activities in these zones.

2. Facilitation of Public Access and Recreation: Facilitate appropriate public access and recreational opportunities within these zones, ensuring that these activities do not compromise the natural values of the features and landscapes. This would involve creating public access points, trails, viewing platforms, and other amenities while considering the ecological sensitivity of the areas.

3. Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience measures in the management of zones with outstanding natural features and landscapes, taking into account the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards. This would involve considering sea-level rise, erosion, and other climate-related risks in planning, development, and management decisions.

Area Level Regulations:

1. Development Controls and Land Use Regulations: Implement strict development controls and land use regulations in specific areas with outstanding natural features and landscapes to protect and restore these areas from inappropriate development and land use. This would involve establishing specific zoning provisions, setback requirements, and design guidelines to ensure the preservation and enhancement of these areas.

2. Community Stewardship and Involvement: Promote community stewardship and involvement in the management of these features and landscapes through initiatives such as community conservation programs and local management committees. This would involve fostering partnerships, providing support and resources to community groups, and encouraging volunteerism and citizen science efforts.

3. Cultural, Historical, and Spiritual Significance: Recognize and incorporate the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these features and landscapes in their management and conservation plans. This would involve engaging with Māori, iwi, and hapū, incorporating traditional knowledge and practices, and considering the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in decision-making processes.

This could include maps showing the locations of outstanding natural features and landscapes, areas with special restrictions or protections, etc.

This section should outline how the success of the policies in achieving the objectives will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of landscape health, monitoring of policy implementation and outcomes, etc.

The Kaipara District is a treasure trove of natural riches, boasting a diverse array of indigenous vegetation and habitats that support an equally varied array of indigenous fauna. Our district is home to unique and threatened species, encapsulated within an ecological tapestry that spans across significant areas of indigenous forest, shrubland, wetlands, dune lakes, and dunelands. Each habitat, each species, contributes to the intricate and complex dance of life that constitutes our district's biodiversity.

These habitats and their residents are not just biological assets; they are integral to the cultural and community fabric of the Kaipara District. Our indigenous flora and fauna are interwoven into our cultural narratives, traditions, and practices. They are landmarks in our landscape, markers of our identity, and tangible connections to our past. They are also our shared responsibility, entrusted to us by generations past and for generations to come.

The Kaipara District Council is committed to preserving and enhancing this biological legacy. We envision a future where our communities recognize, take pride in, and actively participate in safeguarding our biodiversity. Through the District Plan, we aim to put in place robust, comprehensive, and effective mechanisms to protect our significant indigenous vegetation and the significant habitats of our indigenous fauna.

However, our ambition to preserve our district's biodiversity is not without challenges. Uncontrolled stock grazing, inappropriate vehicle use, contamination from runoff, and changes to flow regimes pose significant threats to our natural areas and biodiversity. Moreover, habitat loss remains a critical concern. It is a stark reality that less than 16% of our district's unique ecosystems remain. The loss of these habitats is not just a loss of biodiversity; it is a loss of our district's identity, heritage, and potential.

In the face of these challenges, the importance of protecting our significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna cannot be overstated. As we undertake the task of updating the District Plan, we are committed to doing our utmost to ensure these valuable habitats and species are effectively protected, managed, and enhanced. We invite the community to join us in this endeavor, ensuring that the unique biodiversity of the Kaipara District continues to thrive for generations to come.

District Level

Objective 1. To protect and enhance significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna in the district.

Objective 2. To promote connectivity and ecological corridors between these significant areas.

Objective 3. To raise awareness and understanding of the value of indigenous biodiversity.

Zone Level

Objective 1. To manage land use and development in zones containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to maintain and enhance their ecological values.

Objective 2. To facilitate public access and recreational opportunities in these zones, where appropriate, without compromising their natural values.

Objective 3. To ensure the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on these habitats are taken into account in planning and development.

Area Level

Objective 1. To protect and restore specific areas of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna from inappropriate development and land use.

Objective 2. To encourage community stewardship and involvement in the management of these areas.

Objective 3. To incorporate the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these areas into their management.

District Level

Policy 1. Develop comprehensive strategies and guidelines for the identification, protection, and enhancement of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna within the district.

Policy 2. Ensure that land use planning and decision-making processes promote and maintain connectivity and ecological corridors between these significant areas.

Policy 3. Implement educational and informational programs to increase public awareness and understanding of the value of indigenous biodiversity and the importance of its conservation.

Zone Level

Policy 1. Adopt stringent controls on land use and development within zones containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to safeguard their ecological values.

Policy 2. Where appropriate, provide for public access and recreational opportunities within these zones, ensuring that these activities do not degrade the natural values of these habitats.

Policy 3. Incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience measures in the management of these zones, considering potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on these habitats.

Area Level

Policy 1. Enforce robust development controls and land use regulations in specific areas containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to protect and restore these areas from inappropriate development and land use.

Policy 2. Foster community stewardship and involvement in the management of these areas through initiatives such as community conservation programs and local management committees.

Policy 3. Recognize and respect the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these areas in their management and conservation plans, collaborating with local iwi and hapū where relevant.

District Level Rules:

1. Strategies and Guidelines: Develop comprehensive strategies and guidelines for the identification, protection, and enhancement of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna within the district. These strategies and guidelines would provide a framework for land use planning and decision-making processes.

2. Connectivity and Ecological Corridors: Ensure that land use planning and decision-making processes promote and maintain connectivity and ecological corridors between significant areas of indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna. This would involve considering the spatial arrangement of these areas and implementing measures to enhance ecological connectivity.

3. Educational and Informational Programs: Implement educational and informational programs to increase public awareness and understanding of the value of indigenous biodiversity and the importance of its conservation. These programs would aim to engage and educate the community about the significance of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna.

Zone Level Rules:

1. Stringent Controls on Land Use and Development: Adopt stringent controls on land use and development within zones containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to safeguard their ecological values. This would involve establishing rules, standards, and assessment criteria to guide land use activities and ensure the protection and enhancement of these areas.

2. Public Access and Recreational Opportunities: Where appropriate, provide for public access and recreational opportunities within these zones, ensuring that these activities do not degrade the natural values of the significant areas. This would involve designing and managing access points, trails, and recreational facilities to minimize impacts on indigenous vegetation and habitats.

3. Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience measures in the management of these zones, considering the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna. This would involve assessing vulnerability, implementing adaptive management strategies, and considering long-term resilience.

Area Level Rules:

1. Development Controls and Land Use Regulations: Enforce robust development controls and land use regulations in specific areas containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to protect and restore these areas from inappropriate development and land use. This would involve establishing specific zoning provisions, setback requirements, and design guidelines to ensure the preservation and enhancement of these areas.

2. Community Stewardship and Involvement: Foster community stewardship and involvement in the management of these areas through initiatives such as community conservation programs and local management committees. This would involve encouraging volunteerism, supporting community-led restoration projects, and facilitating partnerships between local communities, landowners, and relevant stakeholders.

3. Cultural, Historical, and Spiritual Significance: Recognize and respect the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these areas in their management and conservation plans. This would involve collaborating with local iwi and hapū to incorporate traditional knowledge, practices, and values into decision-making processes and management strategies.

This could include maps showing the locations of these habitats, areas with special protections, corridors for wildlife movement, etc.

This section should outline how the success of the policies in achieving the objectives will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of habitat health and biodiversity, monitoring of policy implementation and outcomes, etc.

The margins of our lakes and rivers, or riparian zones, are crucial elements of the Kaipara District's ecological fabric. Enriched with an array of indigenous flora and fauna, these areas perform vital ecological functions, serving as structural anchors to our water bodies, biodiversity hotspots, and habitat corridors. Importantly, they act as natural buffers, filtering pollutants and excessive nutrients from runoff before they can enter our water bodies.

Our riparian zones contribute substantially to the district's overall biodiversity. They form integral parts of our unique ecosystems - from dense forests and shrublands to wetlands, dune lakes, and dunelands. They are also key components of the expansive Kaipara Harbour, the largest harbour in the Southern Hemisphere, which serves as a vital sanctuary for both migratory and non-migratory bird species.

Yet, these zones face several escalating threats. Sedimentation, primarily from human activities, has become a major concern. Our waterways are currently witnessing sediment flows up to seven times higher than pre-human settlement levels, impairing water quality and posing severe risks to aquatic life and habitats. Urban development and its management, particularly of waste and stormwater, is another significant challenge that places increasing pressure on our waterways. Lastly, the looming threat of climate change, with its projected increases in the severity and frequency of natural hazards, could have far-reaching impacts on our riparian zones and the ecosystems they support.

Our commitment to safeguarding the margins of our lakes and rivers remains steadfast. As we move forward, our policies and regulations will be guided by the need to maintain the health and vitality of these vital areas. We aim to ensure the benefits of our ecosystems, our communities, and future generations. We invite you, the residents of the Kaipara District, to join us on this journey towards environmental stewardship and sustainable management.

District Level

Objective 1. To protect and enhance the margins of lakes and rivers in the district to support ecological, recreational, and cultural values.

Objective 2. To manage activities and development in these areas to mitigate adverse impacts on water quality and habitat integrity.

Objective 3. To promote public access and enjoyment of lakes and rivers in a way that respects their natural values and the rights of property owners.

Zone Level

Objective 1. To manage land use and development in zones containing the margins of lakes and rivers to maintain and enhance their ecological and aesthetic values.

Objective 2. To facilitate public access and recreational opportunities in these zones, where appropriate, without compromising their natural values.

Objective 3. To ensure the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on these margins are taken into account in planning and development.

Area Level

Objective 1. To protect and restore specific areas of the margins of lakes and rivers from inappropriate development and land use.

Objective 2. To encourage community stewardship and involvement in the management of these areas.

Objective 3. To incorporate the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these areas into their management.

District Level

Policy 1. Ensure that any development or activity within or adjacent to the margins of lakes and rivers is managed in a way that protects and enhances their ecological, recreational, and cultural values (D1).

Policy 2. Promote best management practices to mitigate adverse impacts on water quality and habitat integrity from activities and development in the margins of lakes and rivers (D2).

Policy 3. Support initiatives that provide public access to and enjoyment of lakes and rivers in a manner that respects their natural values and the rights of property owners (D3).

Zone Level

Policy 1. Direct land use and development in zones containing the margins of lakes and rivers in a manner that preserves and enhances their ecological and aesthetic values (Z1).

Policy 2. Balance public access and recreational opportunities with the need to protect the natural values of the margins of lakes and rivers in these zones (Z2).

Policy 3. Incorporate climate change and natural hazard considerations into planning and development decisions affecting the margins of lakes and rivers (Z3).

Area Level

Policy 1. Prevent inappropriate development and land use in specific areas of the margins of lakes and rivers to protect and restore these areas (A1).

Policy 2. Encourage community stewardship and participation in the management and protection of the margins of lakes and rivers (A2).

Policy 3. Integrate considerations of cultural, historical, and spiritual significance into the management of specific areas of the margins of lakes and rivers (A3).

District Level Rules:

1. Strategies and Guidelines: Develop comprehensive strategies and guidelines for the identification, protection, and enhancement of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna within the district. These strategies and guidelines would provide a framework for land use planning and decision-making processes.

2. Connectivity and Ecological Corridors: Ensure that land use planning and decision-making processes promote and maintain connectivity and ecological corridors between significant areas of indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna. This would involve considering the spatial arrangement of these areas and implementing measures to enhance ecological connectivity.

3. Educational and Informational Programs: Implement educational and informational programs to increase public awareness and understanding of the value of indigenous biodiversity and the importance of its conservation. These programs would aim to engage and educate the community about the significance of significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna.

Zone Level Rules:

1. Stringent Controls on Land Use and Development: Adopt stringent controls on land use and development within zones containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to safeguard their ecological values. This would involve establishing rules, standards, and assessment criteria to guide land use activities and ensure the protection and enhancement of these areas.

2. Public Access and Recreational Opportunities: Where appropriate, provide for public access and recreational opportunities within these zones, ensuring that these activities do not degrade the natural values of the significant areas. This would involve designing and managing access points, trails, and recreational facilities to minimize impacts on indigenous vegetation and habitats.

3. Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience: Incorporate climate change adaptation and resilience measures in the management of these zones, considering the potential impacts of climate change and natural hazards on significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna. This would involve assessing vulnerability, implementing adaptive management strategies, and considering long-term resilience.

Area Level Rules:

1. Development Controls and Land Use Regulations: Enforce robust development controls and land use regulations in specific areas containing significant indigenous vegetation and habitats of indigenous fauna to protect and restore these areas from inappropriate development and land use. This would involve establishing specific zoning provisions, setback requirements, and design guidelines to ensure the preservation and enhancement of these areas.

2. Community Stewardship and Involvement: Foster community stewardship and involvement in the management of these areas through initiatives such as community conservation programs and local management committees. This would involve encouraging volunteerism, supporting community-led restoration projects, and facilitating partnerships between local communities, landowners, and relevant stakeholders.

3. Cultural, Historical, and Spiritual Significance: Recognize and respect the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of these areas in their management and conservation plans. This would involve collaborating with local iwi and hapū to incorporate traditional knowledge, practices, and values into decision-making processes and management strategies.

This could include maps showing the locations of these margins, areas with special protections, etc.

This section would outline how the success of the policies in achieving the objectives will be monitored and evaluated. This could include indicators of margin and water body health, monitoring of policy implementation and outcomes, etc.